Použitie :
v Dej, ktorý sa začal aj skončil v minulosti
I saw a movie yesterday.
Last year, I didn’t travel to Korea.
He washed his car last week.
v Krátkodobá činnosť v minulosti
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
We sat at the beach all day.
They did not stay at the party the entire time.
Typické výrazy pre jdenoduchý minulý čas:
yesterday, last year, last week,… ago, before, when, then, once.
Kladná veta (oznamovacia) :
Osoba + pravidelné sloveso + prípona ed
We finished two hours ago.
She lived in Paris.
I studied French when I was a child.
Tom worked last Sunday.
He cleaned his car yesterday.
ALEBO !!!
Osoba + nepravidelné sloveso z 2. stĺpca (viď. tab.)
I swam yesterday.
He broke a cup yesterday.
They came to see us at the weekend.
We wrote a letter for him.
She gave us a lot of homework.
Záporná veta (oznamovacia) :
Osoba + DIDN ´T + sloveso v základnom tvare
He didn’t swim.
They didn’t play the piano.
We didn’t see a play yesterday.
Otázka :
(Opytovacie zámeno) + were/ was + osoba + …?
Where were you yesterday?
When was your exam?
Was the party good?
Were the people interesting?
(Opytovacie zámeno) + Did + osoba + sloveso v základnom tvare ?
Did he finish yesterday?
Did she speak to my uncle?
Did you hear me?
When did Anna start school?
What did they buy yesterday?
Nepravidelné slovesá
| Preklad | Infinitive | Past tence |
| byť | be | was/were |
| stať sa | become [bi’kam] | became [bi‘keim] |
| začať | begin [bi’gin] | began [bi’gaen] |
| porušiť ,zlomiť | break [breik] | broke [brouk] |
| priniesť | bring [brin] | brought [bro:t] |
| postaviť | build [bild] | built [bilt] |
| horieť | burn [be:n] | burnt [be:nt] |
| kúpiť | buy [bai] | bought [bo:t] |
| stihnúť | catch [kaeč] | caught [ko:t] |
| vybrať si | choose [ču:z] | chose [čouz] |
| prísť | come [kam] | came [keim] |
| stáť | cost [kost] | cost [kost] |
| krájať | cut [kat] | cut [kat] |
| robiť | do [du:] | did [did] |
| ťahať | draw [dro:] | drew [dru:] |
| piť | drink [drink] | drank [draenk] |
| jazdiť | drive [draiv] | drove [drouv] |
| jesť | eat [i:t] | ate [et] |
| padať | fall [fo:l] | fell [fel] |
| kŕmiť | feed [fi:d] | fed [fed] |
| cíťiť | feel [fi:l] | felt [felt] |
| bojovať | fight [fait] | fought [fo:t] |
| hladať | find [faind] | found [faund] |
| letieť | fly [flai] | flew [flu:] |
| zabudnúť | forget [fe’get] | forgot [fe’got] |
| dostať | get [get] | got [got] |
| dať | give [giv] | gave [geiv] |
| ísť | go [gou] | went [went] |
| rásť | grow [grou] | grew [gru:] |
| mať | have [haev] | had [haed] |
| počuť | hear [hie] | heard [he:d] |
| skryť | hide [haid] | hid [hid] |
| udrieť | hit [hit] | hit [hit] |
| zraniť | hurt [he:t] | hurt [he:t] |
| dodržiavať | keep [ki:p] | kept [kept] |
| vedieť | know [nou] | knew [nju:] |
| učiť | learn [le:n] | learnt [le:nt] |
| nechať, opustiť | leave [li:v] | left [left] |
| požičať | end [lend] | lent [lent] |
| nechať | let [let] | let [let] |
| rozsvietiť | light [lait] | lit [lit] |
| vyrábať | make [meik] | made [meid] |
| stretnúť | meet [mi:t] | met [met] |
| platiť | pay [pei] | paid [peid] |
| dať | put [put] | put [put] |
| čítať | read [ri:d] | read [red] |
| jazdiť | ride [raid] | rid [rid] |
| zvoniť | ring [rin] | rang [raen] |
| stúpať | rise [raiz] | rose [rouz] |
| bežať | run [ran] | ran [raen] |
| hovoriť | say [sei] | said [sed] |
| vidieť | see [si:] | saw [so:] |
| predať | sell [sel] | sold [sould] |
| poslať | send [send] | sent [sent] |
| postaviť, nastavť | set [set] | set [set] |
| ukázať | show [šou] | showed [šoud] |
| spievať | sing [sin] | sang [saen] |
| sedieť | sit [sit] | sat [saet] |
| spať | sleep [sli:p] | slept [slept] |
| zapáchať | smell [smel] | smelt [smelt] |
| rozprávať | speak [spi:k] | spoke [spouk] |
| hláskovať, písať pravopisne | spell [spel] | spelt [spelt] |
| ukradnúť | steal [sti:l] | stole [stoul] |
| plávať | swim [swim] | swam [swaem] |
| zobrať | take [teik] | took [tuk] |
| učiť | teach [ti:č] | taught [to:t] |
| povedať | tell [tel] | told [tould] |
| myslieť | think [0ink] | thought [0o:t] |
| hádzať | throw [0rou] | threw [0ru:] |
| rozumieť | understand | understood […stud] |
| zobudiť sa | wake [weik] | woke [wouk] |
| zvíťaziť | win [win] | won [wan] |
| písať | write [rait] | wrote [rout] |
Zopakujte si:
1. Kedy používame jednoduchý minulý čas?
2. Ako tvoríme kladnú vetu v jednoduchom minulom čase?
3. Ako tvoríme zápornú vetu v jednoduchom minulom čase?
4. Ako tvoríme otázky v jednoduchom minulom čase?
Použitá literatúra:
HUTCHINSON, T.: Project 2. 3. vyd. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, IBAN 978-0-19-476412-5
CHUDÁ, J. – CHUDÝ, T. – ŠMERDA, O.: Practise your English Grammar. 1. vyd. Bratislava: Príroda, 2001. ISBN 80-07-00427-0
SWAN, M. – WALTER, C.: The Good Grammar Book. 1.vyd. Oxford: University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-19-431520-7
Zdroje obrazkov:
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html